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The latest developments and applications of blockchain consensus protocols Blockchain technology, as a representative of decentralized distributed ledger technology, is fundamentally based on consensus mechanisms. The performance of the consensus mechanism directly affects the scalability and security of blockchain systems. This report focuses on the latest developments in Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant State Machine Replication (BFT SMR) protocols, exploring the current fastest asynchronous protocols and their existing issues, while proposing two innovative protocol designs. Overview of Asynchronous BFT Model In the asynchronous BFT model, the system consists of 3f + 1 processes, where f may be faulty. The processes communicate through asynchronous channels, and the message transmission delay is unpredictable. Each process has a public-private key pair to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the messages. The core requirements of the Blockchain Consensus protocol 1. Liveliness: Ensure that there exists an infinitely long decided Blockchain in infinite execution. 2. Consistency: Any

Latest Developments and Applications of Blockchain Consensus Protocols Blockchain technology, as a representative of decentralized distributed ledger technology, is fundamentally based on consensus mechanisms. The consensus mechanism directly affects the scalability and security of blockchain systems. This article will explore the current development status of blockchain consensus protocols, with a focus on analyzing the latest advancements in the Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant State Machine Replication (BFT SMR) protocol. Overview of Current Asynchronous Consensus Protocols Currently, sMVBA is the fastest asynchronous MVBA protocol with an expected delay of 10δ. Although 2-chain VABA claimed to achieve an expected delay of 9.5δ, its actual performance is questioned due to various security vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include a lack of authentication checks, the exploitation of enhancement strategies that hinder liveness, and consistency attacks due to a relaxed definition of leader authentication. New Protocol Design 2PAC (2-phase asynchronous consensus) To solve the issues of the existing protocol

The research progress of blockchain consensus protocols mainly focuses on asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance mechanisms, especially the 2PAC protocol and its variants, which significantly improve performance and efficiency by optimizing the consensus process. The newly introduced ultra-fast pipelined block design further drops latency, providing new directions and ideas for the future development of blockchain technology.

Latest developments and applications of blockchain consensus protocol Blockchain technology, as a decentralized distributed ledger technology, ensures the integrity and consistency of data through consensus mechanisms. The consensus mechanism is the core of the blockchain system, and its performance directly affects the scalability and security of the blockchain. Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus mechanisms have unique advantages in dealing with network latency and partial node failures, making them a focal point of research. This report explores the current state of development of Blockchain consensus protocols, with a focus on the latest advancements in Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance State Machine Replication (BFT SMR) protocols. The current fastest asynchronous protocol is the 2-chain VABA, with an expected delay of 9.5δ. However, due to vulnerabilities, this protocol has failed to achieve its expected performance. Therefore, sMVBA has become the fastest asynchronous MVBA protocol currently, with an expected delay of 10δ. The report also proposes two new protocol designs.

The article discusses the latest advancements in blockchain consensus protocols, with a focus on analyzing variants of asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerance protocols such as 2PAC and ultra-fast pipelined blocks. The new designs demonstrate excellent performance in increasing throughput and dropping latency, showcasing the future direction of blockchain consensus protocols and providing important references for technological advancements.