Introduction to the technical characteristics of XEM

XEM is the native token of the NEM blockchain, and the platform it operates on features the following characteristics:

• Native support for multi-signature accounts
• Encrypted message communication
• PoI Consensus Mechanism Based on Significance Rating
• Light Node Synchronization and Time Calibration Mechanism

These designs aim to address the issues of high energy consumption, low throughput, and inability to implement permission control present in traditional blockchain networks.

Account System and Security Architecture

Each account is composed of a set of Ed25519 public and private keys. The account status records include:

• Current balance (divided into vested and unvested);
• Multisignature settings and authorization status;
• Block Harvest History;
• Trust score with other accounts.

The so-called “vested balance” in the account is very important; only accounts with a vested balance of over 10,000 XEM are eligible to participate in block generation.

Multisignature Mechanism and Transaction Process

XEM provides native multi-signature account management features, allowing users to convert their accounts into m-of-n multi-signature accounts. For example, an account can be set up so that any two out of three people must jointly sign to authorize a transfer.

This makes XEM very suitable for complex use cases such as DAOs, corporate fund management, or multi-party custody.

A typical multi-signature transaction process:

1. Any signer initiates a transaction;
2. Other signers receive the pending transaction;
3. After the number of signatures exceeds the threshold, the transaction takes effect and is broadcast.

Transaction fees vary slightly by type, but they are all highly cost-effective.

Detailed Explanation of PoI Consensus Mechanism

One of the biggest innovations of XEM is its Proof-of-Importance (PoI) mechanism.

The calculation of PoI not only considers account balance, but also includes:

• Transaction frequency and amount;
• Interaction between accounts (building transaction graphs);
• Clustering structure in network topology (i.e., account communities);
• Is the account a central node or an edge node.

Through the NCDawareRank algorithm, XEM can accurately assess the actual “economic contribution” of each account to the network.

The practical significance of XEM

In the context where PoW is criticized for wasting energy and PoS is questioned for making the “rich get richer”, XEM proposes a new path that integrates value storage, participation incentives, and network structure analysis.

XEM is not just a cryptocurrency, but an economic system that integrates behavioral incentives, decentralized governance, and secure communication.